https://clone.thechangebook.org/forum/rss/thread_3412/ https://clone.thechangebook.org/group/forum/l-autonomie-zapatiste-fr-en/id_1436/post_46055/ =====

The January, 1st 1994 marks the entry in the force of the Agreement (NAFTA Free Trade North American) treaty to liberalize trade between Canada, US and Mexico. It's this symbolic date the Zapatists chose to raise. It's the beginning of a war that'll not last more than twelve days. Indeed, the President Carlos Salinas de Gortari decreed a cease-fire unilaterally order to begin negotiations with the EZLN, choosing as mediator rights center's founder Bishop Samuel Ruiz Fray Bartolome Human Las Casas. But negotiations slow to arrive. It was not until March 1995 they seem to be able to take a new impetus with the creation of the Commission of Concordance and Peace (COCOPA) bringing together politicians from all sides. Meanwhile, the Gortari's party remained in power by seeing their candidate Ernesto Zedillo won the presidential elections. Negotiations continue and in a small village in Chiapas, San Andres, which gave it's name to the agreements signed on February 16, 1996.
These agreements had to give an increasing number of rights for indigenous people, including those granted by Article 169 of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), which Mexico has ratified September 5, 1990, as well as greater autonomy that would allow them to improve their living conditions.

But it'll be clear for the Zapatists that the Ernesto Zedillo's government not apply the terms of the treaty. Instead it'll focus even more firmly to suppress the indigenous population, particularly Zapatist sympathizers by greatly increasing the military presence. This repression peaked on 22 December 1997, when forty five natives were massacred by a group of paramilitaries. At the same time, several other are forced to flee their villages due to threats by these same organizations.
Today, there are many evidence these paramilitary groups received, and still receive, support from the Mexican army and the police.
The conflict and negotiations so bogged down in the chair Zedillo.

The hope seems somewhat reborn when the PAN came to power in 2000 with Vicente Fox. He says in his term he'll set "the Chiapas problem in fifteen minutes." Yet, the new president not meet the demands of the Zapatists. True, he'll lift some military bases located in the middle of indigenous people. Similarly, he releases many political prisoners. However it isn't enough. Zapatists decided to organize a big march for indigenous dignity of almost three thousand kilometers to reach Mexico from Chiapas to demand. The march arrived in the capital on March 11, 2001. Despite this impressive gathering, the government passed shortly after a law on indigenous rights and culture which is only a watered-down version of the proposed COCOPA whose Zapatists demand the application.
The autonomy they want doesn't appear in the project. They decide to break again the dialogue with the government. We asked about how to get this autonomy.

Then, in August 2003, Zapatists decide to give a new dimension to their autonomy : it's the birth of the Caracoles. What are snails? In 1994, as the government tries to lull the Zapatists not wishing to go forward in the negotiations, the EZLN takes thirty-eight leaders towns of municipalities that'll remain in the hands of the Zapatists.
In 1995, they officially become "Aguascalientes", the name of a city in north of Mexico (City),
where they met among others Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata to discuss the result of the revolution.
These "Aguascalientes" were meant to be a kind of forum, center of reflection on politics, culture. But it was not until early August 2003, that the "Aguascalientes" become Caracoles (literally snail). In fact, there are five Caracoles (Oventik, Morelia, Roberto Barrios, La Garrucha and La Realidad) in which are grouped thirty-eight municipalities.
Chiapas, one of the states where the indigenous population is the most important, is paradoxically poor. Indeed, it has significant oil reserves, the largest hydroelectric power in the country, a climate generally favorable for agriculture. But never the people could enjoy its natural wealth. Rural populations are not included in the plans of the various governments. It's sufficient to note that in the five Caracoles, only one is accessible by a paved road when you have to go through dirt roads, moreover in poor condition, to get to the other four. To get to Roberto Barrios same must cross a river on foot.
It's just one example of the neglect suffered by indigenous people and that the Zapatists wanted to face. The snails then trying to put in place practical autonomy that grants them yet ILO Article 169 as the Mexican constitution. How to achieve this autonomy? How does it work? What changes are taking place in relation to the traditional policy of Mexico? It is to these questions that we will try to answer in a series of stories organized around different axes.
]]> https://clone.thechangebook.org/group/forum/l-autonomie-zapatiste-fr-en/id_1436/post_46055/ Tue, 08 Sep 2015 11:23:10 +0000 ZAPATISME (EZLN) https://clone.thechangebook.org/group/forum/l-autonomie-zapatiste-fr-en/id_1436/post_46054/








- - L’autonomie zapatiste, II - La politique
- - L’autonomie zapatiste, III - L’éducation
- - L’autonomie zapatiste, IV - La santé
- - L’autonomie zapatiste, V - L’écologie
- - L’autonomie zapatiste, VI - L’économie]]> https://clone.thechangebook.org/group/forum/l-autonomie-zapatiste-fr-en/id_1436/post_46054/ Tue, 08 Sep 2015 11:23:10 +0000 ZAPATISME (EZLN)